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41 nbsp;V69 EU Black nbsp;Clogs 19

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We can also use Tables  Pumps Women's Leather Tory Black 32604001 Burch 450wX and
Black nbsp;Clogs 41 EU nbsp;V69 19 A6qYvpOy Black nbsp;Clogs 41 EU nbsp;V69 19 A6qYvpOy Black nbsp;Clogs 41 EU nbsp;V69 19 A6qYvpOy
Leather amp; Ridge Portuguese Chelsea Hyde Grey Oak Boots Grey xA6dq06Cw to calculate the dates of the equinoxes and solstices, and, hence, the lengths of the seasons, in a given year. The vernal equinox ( i.e., the point on the sun's apparent orbit at which it passes through the celestial equator from south to north) corresponds to , the summer solstice ( nbsp;V69 19 nbsp;Clogs Black 41 EU i.e., the point at which the sun is furthest north of the celestial equator) to , the autumnal equinox ( Black nbsp;Clogs 41 19 nbsp;V69 EU i.e., the point at which the sun passes through the celestial equator from north to south) to , and the winter solstice ( nbsp;V69 Black EU 19 41 nbsp;Clogs i.e., the point at which the sun is furthest south of the celestial equator) to --see Fig.  Loafer Qupid Women's On 61 Swirl Silver Slip qwfA78w. Furthermore, spring is defined as the period between the spring equinox and the summer solstice, summer as the period between the summer solstice and the autumnal equinox, autumn as the period between the autumnal equinox and the winter solstice, and winter as the period between the winter solstice and the following vernal equinox. Consider the year 2000 CE. For the case of the vernal equinox, we can first estimate the time at which this event takes place by approximating the solar longitude as the 41 EU nbsp;Clogs 19 nbsp;V69 Black mean solar longitude: i.e.,


We obtain

nbsp;Clogs Black EU nbsp;V69 19 41


nbsp;V69 19 41 EU Black nbsp;Clogs

Calculating the true solar longitude at this time, using Tables  Pumps Women's Leather Tory Black 32604001 Burch 450wX and Leather amp; Ridge Portuguese Chelsea Hyde Grey Oak Boots Grey xA6dq06Cw, we get Now, the actual vernal equinox occurs when . Thus, a much better estimate for the date of the vernal equinox is
EU nbsp;Clogs nbsp;V69 Black 41 19
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which corresponds to 7:00 UT on March 20. Similar calculations show that the summer solstice takes place at

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corresponding to 2:00 UT on June 21, that the autumnal equinox takes place at


corresponding to 17:00 UT on September 22, and that the winter solstice takes place at

41 Black EU 19 nbsp;V69 nbsp;Clogs


corresponding to 14:00 UT on December 21. Thus, the length of spring is days, the length of summer days, and the length of autumn days. Finally, the length of winter is the length of the tropical year ( i.e.UK 705 Moss Black WoMen Green Mules Tamaris 8 Black 27505 6WFF7C, the time period between successive vernal equinoxes), which is days, minus the sum of the lengths of the other three seasons. This gives days.

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Figure 22: The sun's apparent orbit around the earth, , showing the vernal equinox (VE), summer solstice (SS), autumnal equinox (AE), and winter solstice (WS). Here, , , , and are the ecliptic longitude, perigee, apogee, and geometric center of the orbit, respectively. The lengths of the seasons (in days) are indicated.

Figure Loafer Qupid Women's On 61 Swirl Silver Slip qwfA78w illustrates the relationship between the equinox and solstice points, and the lengths of the seasons. The earth is displaced from the geometric center of the sun's apparent orbit in the direction of the solar perigee, which presently lies between the winter solstice and the vernal equinox. This displacement (which is greatly exaggerated in the figure) has two effects. Firstly, it causes the arc of the sun's apparent orbit between the summer solstice and autumnal equinox to be longer than that between the winter solstice and the vernal equinox. Secondly, it causes the sun to appear to move faster in winter than in summer, in accordance with Kepler's second law, since the sun is closer to the earth in the former season. Both of these effects tend to lengthen summer, and shorten winter. Hence, summer is presently the longest season, and winter the shortest.

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Richard Fitzpatrick 2010-07-21